Compile Time vs Runtime In Java

🔹 Compile-Time

Occurs before the program runs, during the code compilation process.

✅ Characteristics:

• Syntax errors detected (e.g., missing semicolon, wrong variable type).
• Code is converted from .java to .class files (bytecode).
• Checked by the Java compiler (javac).

🧠 Examples:

• Misspelled variable name
• Type mismatch: int x = "abc";
• Calling a method that doesn’t exist

🔸 Run-Time

Occurs while the program is running, after successful compilation.

✅ Characteristics:

• Logic errors, memory issues, exceptions can occur.
• Managed by the JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

🧠 Examples:

• NullPointerException
• Division by zero
• File not found

📊 Summary Table: